十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（2）
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How Do Plants 'Know' When It’s Time to Bloom in Spring?
植物是如何‘知道’春天到了该开花的？
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Plants sense seasonal changes using light, temperature, and internal biological clocks.
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Special proteins in leaves detect how long nights last each day—a process called photoperiodism.
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Many spring-blooming plants need long nights followed by warming temperatures to start flowering.
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Cold winter temperatures break seed dormancy and reset growth timing in some species.
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Hormones like florigen travel from leaves to buds to trigger flower development.
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Genes switch on and off in response to environmental cues, controlling blooming time precisely.
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Urban heat islands sometimes cause city trees to bloom earlier than rural ones.
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Pollinators like bees also rely on these timing signals to find food when flowers open.
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Climate change is disrupting this balance, causing mismatches between blooms and pollinators.
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Scientists study plant genes to breed crops that flower reliably under changing conditions.