STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（5）

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固态电池为何在电极-电解质界面遭遇瓶颈？

Solid-state batteries replace flammable liquid electrolytes with rigid ceramic or polymer layers to improve safety.
But microscopic gaps form where brittle electrodes meet stiff solid electrolytes during repeated charging cycles.
These tiny voids increase interfacial resistance, causing voltage drops and uneven lithium-ion flow across the cell.
Manufacturers use hot-pressing or atomic-layer deposition to smooth contact, yet nanoscale defects persist after thermal expansion.
Unlike liquids that self-heal gaps, solids cannot flow to maintain interface integrity under stress.
Testing reveals resistance spikes sharply after five hundred cycles unless interfacial coatings like LiNbO₃ are applied.
Scaling up requires roll-to-roll fabrication methods that preserve nanometer-level surface uniformity across square-meter sheets.
Researchers now explore quasi-solid hybrids—gel-infused ceramics—to balance stability and contact reliability.
Even lab prototypes lose ten percent capacity per thousand cycles mainly due to interfacial degradation, not bulk material failure.
Solving this interface puzzle remains the biggest barrier before mass production of safe, dense energy storage.