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Batch 0001-016: The Srivijaya Empire and Maritime Buddhism Across the Malay Archipelago
批次0001-016：室利佛逝帝国与马来群岛的海上佛教传播
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Srivijaya emerged around the 7th century CE as a thalassocratic power based in Sumatra.
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Its control over the Strait of Malacca allowed it to tax ships carrying spices, silk, and sacred relics.
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Monks from India and China regularly stopped at Palembang, its capital, to study or translate sutras.
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Royal inscriptions show rulers donating temples and supporting monastic universities like Nalanda-trained scholars.
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Buddhist art from this era blends Indian iconography with local Austronesian motifs and materials.
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Maritime routes connected Srivijaya not only to India but also to Tang China and the Khmer realm.
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When Arab traders expanded into the region, they recorded Buddhist monasteries flourishing alongside port markets.
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The empire declined after Chola raids weakened its naval dominance in the 11th century.
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Yet its network ensured Theravada and Mahayana traditions took root across island Southeast Asia.
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Srivijaya thus shaped religious geography far beyond its territorial boundaries through sea-based exchange.