身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（5）

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劳动力流动计划如何影响老龄化经济体的工资增长

Japan and Germany use bilateral agreements to recruit skilled workers from Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe.
These programs fill critical shortages in healthcare, construction, and IT sectors.
Wage growth slows when inflows exceed local training capacity and regulatory absorption rates.
Temporary worker visas often exclude full social security contributions and collective bargaining rights.
Host countries adjust minimum wages regionally to reflect labor supply imbalances across sectors.
Migrant workers’ remittances boost home-country consumption but reduce domestic wage pressure.
Integration policies like language training and credential recognition improve long-term earnings parity.
Labor mobility schemes require coordination between immigration, education, and employment ministries.
Employers report higher retention when mobility programs include pathway-to-permanent-residency clauses.
Demographic forecasts drive annual quota adjustments more than political cycles do.