十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（5）
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How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
火山是怎么喷发的？
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Inside Earth, hot rock melts into magma under pressure.地球内部，高温岩石在压力下熔化成岩浆。
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Magma rises because it is lighter than solid rock.岩浆因比固态岩石轻而上升。
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Gas bubbles build up inside the rising magma.上升的岩浆中逐渐积聚气体气泡。
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When pressure becomes too high, the ground breaks open.当压力过高时，地表破裂。
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Magma, ash, and gas rush out fast and loud.岩浆、火山灰和气体迅速猛烈喷出。
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If magma cools slowly underground, it forms granite.若岩浆在地下缓慢冷却，则形成花岗岩。
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If it cools quickly above ground, it makes black basalt.若岩浆在地表快速冷却，则形成黑色玄武岩。
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Some volcanoes stay quiet for hundreds of years.有些火山可沉寂数百年。