科学素养与生活应用·英语30篇（2）

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净水器如何不使用化学品去除污染物

Most household filters combine activated carbon, ceramic pores, and sometimes ion-exchange resins.
Activated carbon traps chlorine, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds through adsorption—not chemical reaction.
Ceramic filters block bacteria and sediment with microscopic pores smaller than most pathogens.
Reverse osmosis systems force water through semi-permeable membranes, removing dissolved salts and heavy metals.
Filter lifespan depends on water hardness and contaminant levels—hard water clogs carbon faster.
Certified units list tested removal rates for lead, cysts, or fluoride, helping consumers compare performance objectively.
Regular cartridge replacement ensures effectiveness; expired filters may leach trapped contaminants back into water.
Unlike boiling or chlorination, physical filtration preserves minerals unless specifically designed to remove them.