科学素养与生活应用·英语30篇（4）

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冷湖晨雾如何形成：水汽凝结的物理条件

Fog often appears over cold lakes just before sunrise when air temperature drops rapidly.
The lake surface stays relatively warmer than the surrounding air overnight due to water’s high heat capacity.
Moist air near the water cools below its dew point as it contacts cooler air layers above.
This cooling causes invisible water vapor to condense into tiny liquid droplets suspended in air.
Radiation cooling from the ground enhances this effect, especially under clear, calm night skies.
Unlike steam fog, this type is called 'radiation fog' and forms most frequently in autumn.
Wind speeds below 3 mph help maintain stable layers needed for fog development.
Scientists monitor humidity, temperature gradients, and wind patterns to forecast such fog events accurately.
Local weather stations use infrared sensors to detect surface cooling rates in real time.
Understanding fog formation improves safety for morning boaters and low-altitude pilots.