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Why Autumn Leaves Change Color Due to Pigment Breakdown and Synthesis
秋叶变色源于色素分解与新合成
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As daylight shortens, trees stop producing chlorophyll, revealing yellow carotenoids already present.随着日照变短，树木停止合成叶绿素，原本就存在的黄色类胡萝卜素因而显现。
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Red anthocyanins are newly synthesized in fall when sugars get trapped in leaves.秋季，叶片中滞留的糖分促使花青素新合成，使叶子变红。
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Cool nights and sunny days increase sugar accumulation, boosting red pigment production.凉爽的夜晚与晴朗的白天促进糖分积累，从而增强红色色素的生成。
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Soil moisture and nutrient levels influence intensity and timing of color changes.土壤水分和养分水平影响变色的强度与时间。
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Deciduous trees shed leaves to conserve water during winter dormancy periods.落叶树通过脱落叶片，在冬季休眠期节约水分。
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Leaf abscission layers form at petioles, cutting off transport and sealing the cut surface.叶柄处形成离层，阻断物质运输并封闭切口。
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Different species show distinct colors due to genetic control over pigment expression.不同树种因基因调控色素表达而呈现各自特有的秋色。
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Maple trees often turn bright red, while oaks tend toward russet and brown hues.枫树常变为鲜红色，橡树则多呈赤褐色与棕色。
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Frost delays color development but accelerates leaf drop once it arrives.霜冻会延缓变色进程，但一旦来临便加速落叶。
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This seasonal transformation illustrates how plant physiology responds precisely to environmental cues.这一季节性转变展现了植物生理如何精准响应环境信号。