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The Rise of Democratic Practices in Classical Athens
古典雅典：民主实践的兴起
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In 508 BCE, Cleisthenes introduced reforms that gave ordinary male citizens real political power.公元前508年，克利斯提尼推行改革，赋予普通成年男性公民真正的政治权力。
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Athenian citizens gathered regularly in the Assembly to debate laws and elect officials.雅典公民定期在公民大会上辩论法律、选举官员。
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They drew lots to choose many public servants, believing chance reduced corruption and favoritism.他们通过抽签方式选任许多公职人员，认为随机性可减少腐败与偏袒。
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Juries were large—often 201 or 501 people—and decided cases by majority vote.陪审团规模庞大，通常为201人或501人，案件由多数票裁决。
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Women, slaves, and foreigners had no voting rights, yet this system still inspired later democracies.妇女、奴隶和外邦人没有投票权，但这一制度仍启发了后世民主政体。
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Speeches in the Assembly trained citizens to think critically and argue respectfully.公民大会上的演说训练公民批判思考、理性辩论。
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Even though limited by today’s standards, Athens’ model proved self-governance was possible.尽管以今日标准衡量存在局限，雅典模式却证明了自治可行。
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Its ideas traveled across centuries and shaped modern parliaments and civic participation.其理念跨越世纪，塑造了现代议会制度与公民参与形式。