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The Fiscal Externalities of Platform-Based Urban Mobility — When Convenience Conceals Public Cost Shifting
平台型城市出行的财政外部性——便利表象下隐藏的公共成本转嫁
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Ride-hailing and micro-mobility platforms generate revenue while offloading infrastructure maintenance, traffic enforcement, and congestion management onto municipalities.网约车和微型出行平台获取收入，却将基础设施维护、交通执法和拥堵管理等责任转嫁给地方政府。
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City budgets absorb rising costs for road repaving damaged by high-frequency vehicle turnover and parking violations tied to app-based dispatch.城市预算承担着因高频车辆周转和基于应用程序调度导致的违章停车而损坏道路的重铺费用，且费用不断上涨。
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Zoning regulations rarely account for the spatial concentration of pickup/drop-off zones, amplifying localized wear and emergency response delays.区划法规很少考虑上下车区域的空间集中性，加剧了局部路面损耗和应急响应延迟。
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Tax structures treat platform drivers as independent contractors, excluding them from payroll tax contributions that fund unemployment and disability insurance.现行税制将平台司机视为独立承包商，使其免于缴纳支撑失业与伤残保险的工资税。
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Public transit ridership declines correlate strongly with ride-hailing penetration—yet subsidies for transit remain flat while mobility subsidies grow.公共交通客运量下降与网约车渗透率上升密切相关——但公交补贴维持不变，而出行补贴却持续增加。
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Municipalities lack authority to levy usage fees proportional to curb-space occupation or emissions generated per platform trip.地方政府无权按平台车辆占用路侧空间或单次行程排放量征收相应使用费。
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Data asymmetry prevents cities from auditing platform routing algorithms that may worsen traffic bottlenecks near schools or hospitals.数据不对称使城市无法审核平台路径算法，而这些算法可能加剧学校或医院周边的交通拥堵。
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Insurance models fail to internalize accident externalities when platforms classify drivers as non-employees with limited liability coverage.保险模式未能将事故外部成本内部化，因平台将司机归类为非雇员，仅提供有限责任保障。
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Urban planning increasingly treats streets as 'platform infrastructure'—but without commensurate revenue-sharing or performance benchmarks.城市规划日益将街道视作‘平台基础设施’，却未配套建立相应的收益共享机制或绩效评估标准。
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This fiscal leakage erodes the equity principle underlying public investment in transportation networks.这种财政流失侵蚀了公共交通网络公共投资所依托的公平性原则。
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Effective regulation demands granular cost attribution—not just caps on vehicle numbers or vague 'sustainability' pledges.有效监管需精准归因各项成本，而非仅限于限制车辆数量或作出模糊的‘可持续性’承诺。
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Mobility convenience becomes socially sustainable only when its full fiscal footprint is transparent and collectively governed.只有当出行便利性的全部财政影响透明且由公众共同治理时，它才真正具备社会可持续性。