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Why Do Lakes Freeze from the Top Down?

Why Do Lakes Freeze from the Top Down?

为什么湖泊从顶部开始结冰?

  1. Water becomes densest at 4°C and sinks below colder layers.
  2. As surface water cools further, it becomes less dense and stays on top.
  3. At 0°C, it turns into ice crystals that float due to lower density.
  4. This icy layer insulates the water below and keeps fish alive.
  5. Wind and currents mix warmer water upward until freezing begins.
  6. Thick ice forms slowly, often taking days of steady cold weather.
  7. Scientists measure ice thickness to track climate change effects.
  8. In spring, the top ice melts first because sunlight warms it directly.
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