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How Plants Detect Seasons Without Clocks or Calendars
植物如何在没有钟表或日历的情况下感知季节变化？
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Plants sense seasonal shifts mainly through changes in day length, known as photoperiod, using light-sensitive pigments like phytochrome.植物主要通过日照长度变化（即光周期）感知季节更替，依赖光敏色素（如光敏素）来实现。
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They also monitor temperature patterns, especially prolonged cold periods required for many seeds to germinate.它们还会监测温度变化，尤其是许多种子萌发所需的持续低温期。
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Some trees need ‘chilling hours’ below 7°C to break dormancy and prepare for spring growth.一些树木需要在7°C以下积累足够的‘冷积温’，才能打破休眠，为春季生长做准备。
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Flowering time in crops like wheat is controlled by genes activated only after certain photoperiod thresholds are met.小麦等作物的开花时间由特定光周期阈值触发的基因控制。
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Even underground tubers, like potatoes, respond to soil temperature and daylight cues transmitted through stems.就连马铃薯等地下块茎，也会通过茎干接收土壤温度和日照信号并作出响应。
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Scientists have identified ‘florigen’, a hormone that travels from leaves to buds to trigger blooming.科学家已发现一种名为‘成花素’的激素，它从叶片运送到芽中，诱导开花。
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Autumn leaf drop is triggered by shorter days, which reduce auxin flow and allow abscission layers to form.秋季落叶由日照变短引发，导致生长素运输减少，从而形成离层。
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Desert plants may wait for rare rain signals instead of day-length changes to begin growth cycles.沙漠植物可能不依赖日照变化，而是等待罕见降雨信号启动生长周期。
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This internal timing system evolved over millions of years to match reproduction with optimal climate windows.这一内在计时系统历经数百万年演化，使繁殖与最佳气候窗口精准同步。
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Unlike animals, plants don’t have nervous systems—but their molecular clocks are just as precise and reliable.植物虽无神经系统，但其分子生物钟同样精准可靠。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- They also monitor temperature patterns, especially prolonged cold periods required for many seeds to germinate. 它们还会监测温度变化，尤其是许多种子萌发所需的持续低温期。
- Some trees need ‘chilling hours’ below 7°C to break dormancy and prepare for spring growth. 一些树木需要在7°C以下积累足够的‘冷积温’，才能打破休眠，为春季生长做准备。
- Even underground tubers, like potatoes, respond to soil temperature and daylight cues transmitted through stems. 就连马铃薯等地下块茎，也会通过茎干接收土壤温度和日照信号并作出响应。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
They also monitor temperature patterns, especially prolonged cold periods required for many seeds to germinate.
⑥ 跟读并录音
They also monitor temperature patterns, especially prolonged cold periods required for many seeds to germinate.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：They also monitor temperature patterns, especially prolonged cold periods required for many seeds to germinate.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中，敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课，可以去陈老师带读社（和自学通行不是同一份会员）。
课程开发中，敬请期待。