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世界地理与人文·英语30篇(2)

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Great Barrier Reef: Life in Fragile Balance

Great Barrier Reef: Life in Fragile Balance

大堡礁:脆弱平衡中的生命

  1. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral structure.
  2. Corals host microscopic algae called zooxanthellae, which provide food through photosynthesis.
  3. When ocean temperatures rise just 1°C above normal for several weeks, corals expel these algae and bleach.
  4. Mass bleaching events occurred in 2016, 2017, and 2020, killing up to 60% of shallow-water corals in some areas.
  5. Runoff from sugarcane farms carries fertilizer that fuels algal blooms, blocking sunlight needed by corals.
  6. Ranger teams now plant heat-resistant coral fragments grown in underwater nurseries.
  7. Indigenous sea country managers work alongside scientists to monitor reef health using traditional knowledge.
  8. Tourism supports local jobs but requires strict zoning to prevent anchor damage and pollution.
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