Resource Scarcity as a Catalyst for Institutional Innovation

资源稀缺作为制度创新的催化剂

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Chile’s 1981 Water Code granted perpetual, tradable water rights—a market mechanism that concentrated control among agribusinesses and mining firms by 2010.
In response, the 2022 Constitutional Convention proposed water as a 'public good with ecological function,' triggering fierce debate over property rights versus collective stewardship.

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