Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics: Nutrient Loading, Toxin Biosynthesis, and Fisheries Collapse Pathways

有害藻华动力学：营养盐输入、毒素生物合成与渔业崩溃路径

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Red tides arise not from algae 'turning red' but from explosive proliferation of dinoflagellates or diatoms under eutrophic conditions—often triggered by agricultural runoff rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
Certain species, like Karenia brevis, synthesize brevetoxins that disrupt sodium channels in fish gills, causing respiratory paralysis within minutes.

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