Hexagonal Symmetry in Ice Crystals: Molecular Packing Under Kinetic Constraints

为什么雪花多为六角形

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Water’s hydrogen-bonded lattice forms a hexagonal crystal structure because the 104.5° H–O–H bond angle optimally accommodates tetrahedral coordination around each oxygen atom.
This symmetry emerges spontaneously during nucleation—not as a ‘design,’ but as the lowest-energy configuration under Earth’s atmospheric pressure and supersaturation conditions.

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