Finnish Sámi Duodji Craft Standards as Juridical Ontology

芬兰萨米杜奥吉手工艺标准：法理本体论实践

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Duodji—the Sámi term for traditional craft—is governed not by copyright law but by ontological protocols specifying which reindeer sinew may bind which birch-bark vessel for which seasonal purpose.
A knife handle carved from antler must align with the animal’s migratory direction at death; deviation invalidates its ceremonial use, regardless of aesthetic quality.

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