Samba Schools as Urban Cooperatives — Infrastructure, Identity, and Collective Investment in Rio’s Favelas

桑巴学校作为城市合作社——里约贫民窟的基础设施、身份认同与集体投资

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Rio’s samba schools operate as legally registered cooperatives managing everything from sewage upgrades to vocational training, funded partly by carnival ticket revenues and municipal co-investment.
Members contribute monthly dues not just for costume materials but as equity stakes in neighborhood infrastructure projects vetted by school-led assemblies.

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