Hydrological Synchronization in Bali’s Subak Irrigation Ritual Timing

巴厘岛苏巴克灌溉系统中水文同步的仪式时机

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Bali’s subak cooperatives activate water gates not by calendar dates but by real-time groundwater level thresholds measured via piezometric wells drilled into volcanic aquifers.
Ritual offerings at temple junctions occur only when satellite-derived soil moisture indices confirm ≥82% saturation across three upstream catchments simultaneously.

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