Glacial Moraine Stratigraphy as Communal Ledger: The Baltoro Glacier’s Oral Accounting System in Karakoram

冰川侧碛层理作为社群账簿：喀喇昆仑山脉巴尔托洛冰川的口述记账系统

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Balti herders in Skardu track livestock losses, marriage debts, and water rights not in ledgers but by correlating moraine ridge positions with glacial retreat rates measured across three generations.
Each lateral moraine band corresponds to a specific year’s melt season intensity, anchoring social contracts to cryospheric precision rather than arbitrary dates.

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