How Plant Stomata Balance CO₂ Uptake Against Water Loss Under Climate Stress
植物气孔如何在气候胁迫下平衡二氧化碳吸收与水分流失
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Stomatal pores on leaf epidermis open to admit CO₂ for photosynthesis but inevitably permit transpirational water vapor loss—a fundamental physiological trade-off.
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Guard cells regulate aperture via osmotic turgor driven by potassium influx, ATPase pumps, and abscisic acid signaling under drought conditions.
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