Volcanic Soil as Cultural Substrate: Java’s Agrarian Cosmology and Eruption Memory

火山土壤作为文化基质：爪哇岛的农耕宇宙观与喷发记忆

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Javanese rice terraces on Mount Merapi’s slopes are cultivated not despite volcanic risk but because ash-enriched soil encodes both fertility and ancestral warning—making agriculture a form of geological dialogue.
Farmers still plant 'guardian trees' like the kepuh along terrace edges, whose root systems stabilize soil while their flowering cycles signal impending seismic stress to trained observers.

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