The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Theological Reconfiguration of Bureaucratic Legitimacy
太平天国与官僚合法性的神学重构
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The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864) rejected Confucian statecraft not as superstition but as doctrinally corrupt bureaucracy.
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Hong Xiuquan’s syncretic theology recast imperial examination success as demonic deception rather than scholarly virtue.
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