The Caspian Sea’s Legal Ambiguity and Offshore Hydrocarbon Spatialization in the Southern Basin

里海法律地位模糊性与南盆地近海油气资源空间配置

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The Caspian Sea remains the world’s largest inland body without a ratified international legal regime, leaving seabed jurisdiction contested among five littoral states.
Southern basin hydrocarbon development proceeds through ad hoc bilateral agreements that deliberately avoid defining maritime boundaries or resource-sharing formulas.

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