十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（1）
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How Do Plants 'Talk' to Each Other Underground?
植物如何在地下‘交谈’？
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Plants send chemical signals through tiny fungal threads called mycorrhizae.植物通过称为菌根的微小真菌丝传递化学信号。
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These invisible networks connect roots of different plants like a natural internet.这些看不见的网络像天然互联网一样，将不同植物的根系连接起来。
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When one plant is attacked by insects, it releases warning chemicals into the soil.当一株植物遭到昆虫攻击时，会向土壤中释放预警化学物质。
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Nearby plants detect these signals and start making defensive compounds early.邻近植物感知到这些信号，提前合成防御性化合物。
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Some trees even share nutrients with younger or weaker neighbors through this web.一些树木甚至通过这张网络与幼小或弱势的邻居共享养分。
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Scientists discovered this by tracking radioactive carbon moving between connected trees.科学家通过追踪放射性碳在相连树木间的移动发现了这一现象。
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The fungi benefit too—they receive sugars from the plants in return.真菌也从中受益——它们以此换取植物提供的糖分。
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This cooperation helps entire forests survive droughts and pests more effectively.这种协作帮助整片森林更有效地抵御干旱和病虫害。
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Not all plants join; some species avoid or even block the network.并非所有植物都参与其中；有些物种会回避甚至阻断该网络。
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It shows that cooperation, not just competition, shapes plant communities.这表明塑造植物群落的不仅是竞争，还有合作。