十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（2）
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What Happens When You Get an Electric Shock?
触电时身体会发生什么？
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Electric shock occurs when current flows through the body — usually entering at one point and exiting at another, completing a circuit.触电是指电流流经人体——通常从一点进入，从另一点流出，形成回路。
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Even small currents — as low as 0.01 amps — can interfere with nerve signals, causing involuntary muscle contractions or stopping breathing.即使很小的电流（低至0.01安培）也会干扰神经信号，引发肌肉不自主收缩或呼吸停止。
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The heart is especially vulnerable because electricity can disrupt its natural pacemaker, leading to arrhythmias or cardiac arrest.心脏尤其脆弱，因为电流会干扰其天然起搏器，导致心律失常或心脏骤停。
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Severity depends on voltage, current path, duration, and whether skin is wet — wet skin lowers resistance, allowing more current to pass.伤害严重程度取决于电压、电流路径、持续时间以及皮肤是否潮湿——湿皮肤电阻更低，允许更多电流通过。
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High-voltage shocks often cause external burns at entry and exit points, while internal damage may include muscle breakdown and kidney failure.高压触电常在进出点造成体表烧伤，内部损伤则可能包括肌肉溶解和肾衰竭。
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Nerves transmit signals using tiny electrical impulses, so external current overrides normal communication — sometimes paralyzing muscles mid-contract.神经依靠微小电信号传递信息，因此外部电流会覆盖正常信号传导，有时导致肌肉在收缩中突然瘫痪。
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Survivors of serious shocks may develop delayed complications like cataracts, nerve damage, or psychological trauma weeks later.严重触电幸存者可能数周后出现白内障、神经损伤或心理创伤等迟发性并发症。
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Rubber gloves and insulated tools help prevent shocks, but never assume equipment is safe unless tested and grounded by professionals.橡胶手套和绝缘工具可预防触电，但切勿假设设备安全，除非经专业人员检测并可靠接地。