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How Do Submarines Control Their Depth Underwater?
潜艇如何控制水下的深度？
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Submarines control depth using ballast tanks that fill with water to sink or air to rise.潜艇通过压载水舱控制深度：注水下沉，充气上浮。
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When valves open, seawater rushes in and increases the sub’s overall density beyond seawater.阀门打开时，海水涌入，使潜艇整体密度超过海水。
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To ascend, compressed air pushes water out of the tanks, making the vessel lighter than water.上浮时，压缩空气将水排出水舱，使艇体比重小于水。
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Hydroplanes—small wing-like fins—tilt upward or downward to steer while moving forward.水下舵——类似机翼的小型鳍片——在前进时上下倾斜以控制航向。
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Even tiny imbalances in weight distribution require constant fine-tuning by onboard computers.即使重量分布出现微小失衡，也需要艇载计算机持续精细调整。
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Nuclear-powered subs can stay submerged for months because they don’t need surface air for engines.核动力潜艇无需为发动机获取海面空气，可连续潜航数月。
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Modern subs also use sonar to map nearby terrain and avoid underwater mountains or cliffs.现代潜艇还利用声呐测绘周边地形，避开水下山岭或断崖。
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Emergency blow systems release high-pressure air instantly if the crew must surface fast.紧急吹除系统可在船员需快速上浮时瞬间释放高压空气。
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Saltwater density changes with temperature and salinity, so depth sensors adjust continuously.海水密度随温度和盐度变化，因此深度传感器需持续校准。
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Every dive begins with careful calculations to ensure safe pressure limits for the hull.每次下潜前都须精确计算，确保艇体承受压力在安全范围内。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Hydroplanes—small wing-like fins—tilt upward or downward to steer while moving forward. 水下舵——类似机翼的小型鳍片——在前进时上下倾斜以控制航向。
- Even tiny imbalances in weight distribution require constant fine-tuning by onboard computers. 即使重量分布出现微小失衡，也需要艇载计算机持续精细调整。
- Saltwater density changes with temperature and salinity, so depth sensors adjust continuously. 海水密度随温度和盐度变化，因此深度传感器需持续校准。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Hydroplanes—small wing-like fins—tilt upward or downward to steer while moving forward.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Hydroplanes—small wing-like fins—tilt upward or downward to steer while moving forward.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Hydroplanes—small wing-like fins—tilt upward or downward to steer while moving forward.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中，敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课，可以去陈老师带读社（和自学通行不是同一份会员）。
课程开发中，敬请期待。