十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（2）
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Why Do Some Animals Hibernate While Others Migrate?
为什么有些动物冬眠，而另一些则迁徙？
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Animals choose hibernation or migration based on their body size, food needs, and habitat.
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Small mammals like ground squirrels hibernate because they lose heat too quickly to survive cold winters.
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Bears enter a lighter form of dormancy called torpor, lowering metabolism without dropping temperature much.
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Birds and whales migrate instead because flying or swimming lets them follow food year-round.
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Migration requires huge energy reserves and precise navigation using stars, Earth’s magnetic field, or landmarks.
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Hibernators rely on stored fat and slow bodily functions to conserve energy for months.
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Some frogs freeze solid in winter and thaw alive in spring thanks to natural antifreeze proteins.
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Climate change now disrupts both strategies by shifting seasons and altering food availability.
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Scientists track these behaviors with satellite tags and tiny sensors on wild animals.
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Both adaptations show how evolution shapes survival in extreme environments.