十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（2）
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What Causes the Northern Lights to Dance Across the Sky?
北极光为何在夜空中舞动？
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The Northern Lights, or auroras, happen when charged particles from the Sun hit Earth’s atmosphere.
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These solar winds travel along Earth’s magnetic field lines toward the North and South Poles.
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When particles collide with oxygen and nitrogen gases, they release colorful light energy.
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Green auroras come from oxygen at lower altitudes, while red appears higher up.
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Purple and blue lights result from nitrogen molecules being excited during intense solar storms.
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Auroras look like flowing curtains because magnetic fields guide particle paths in wavy patterns.
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Their brightness and shape change with solar activity, which follows an 11-year cycle.
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Cameras often capture more color than our eyes see, especially in dark conditions.
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People near the Arctic Circle see them most often, but strong storms make them visible farther south.
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Studying auroras helps scientists understand space weather and protect satellites and power grids.