十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（3）
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Mountains Sometimes Blow Out Hot Rocks
山有时候会喷出滚烫的岩石
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Deep underground, heat melts rock into thick, bubbling magma full of gas.地下深处，高温将岩石熔化成富含气体的浓稠、翻滚岩浆。
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Pressure builds up when gas gets trapped beneath solid rock layers above.当气体被上方坚硬岩层困住时，压力不断积聚。
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When cracks open, magma rushes upward and bursts out through the mountain top.裂缝一出现，岩浆便急速上涌，从山顶喷发而出。
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Lava cools quickly in air and turns into black, rough volcanic rock.熔岩在空气中迅速冷却，凝固成黑色、粗糙的火山岩。
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Ash clouds rise high and may affect flights or make sunsets look redder.火山灰云升至高空，可能影响航班，或使日落显得更红。
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Volcanoes often sit where Earth’s tectonic plates pull apart or crash together.火山常位于地球板块分离或碰撞之处。
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Scientists watch ground shaking, gas smells, and steam vents to predict eruptions.科学家通过监测地震、气体气味和蒸汽喷口来预测喷发。
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Nearby towns practice drills so families know where to go if danger appears.附近城镇定期演练，确保家人知晓危险来临时的撤离路线。
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Some volcanoes stay quiet for centuries, then surprise everyone with sudden activity.有些火山可沉寂数百年，然后突然活跃，令人措手不及。
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After cooling, rich soil forms on lava fields — farmers love planting there.冷却后，熔岩原野上形成肥沃土壤——农民喜爱在此耕种。