十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（3）
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Mountains Sometimes Blow Out Hot Rocks
山有时候会喷出滚烫的岩石
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Deep underground, heat melts rock into thick, bubbling magma full of gas.
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Pressure builds up when gas gets trapped beneath solid rock layers above.
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When cracks open, magma rushes upward and bursts out through the mountain top.
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Lava cools quickly in air and turns into black, rough volcanic rock.
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Ash clouds rise high and may affect flights or make sunsets look redder.
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Volcanoes often sit where Earth’s tectonic plates pull apart or crash together.
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Scientists watch ground shaking, gas smells, and steam vents to predict eruptions.
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Nearby towns practice drills so families know where to go if danger appears.
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Some volcanoes stay quiet for centuries, then surprise everyone with sudden activity.
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After cooling, rich soil forms on lava fields — farmers love planting there.