身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（1）
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Tariffs and the Hidden Cost Added at the Border
关税与边境上隐含的额外成本
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Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, paid by domestic importers to their government.
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Though levied on foreign producers, tariffs usually raise final prices for local consumers.
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Importers may absorb part of the cost, but most pass it on through higher retail tags.
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Domestic firms facing foreign competition sometimes lobby for tariffs to protect market share.
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Retaliatory tariffs from trade partners can hurt exporters in unrelated industries.
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Economists measure tariff incidence by tracking who actually bears the financial burden.
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Low-income households spend a larger share of income on tariff-affected goods like clothing.
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Complex supply chains mean tariffs can disrupt inputs used in locally made products too.
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Temporary tariffs may encourage local production, but long-term ones distort resource allocation.
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They shift economic activity—not always toward efficiency, but toward political priorities.