STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（1）
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Recycling Electric Vehicle Batteries: Challenges and Progress
电动车电池回收：挑战与进展
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Most electric vehicle batteries last 8–15 years, but recycling them remains technically complex and economically uneven.
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Lithium-ion batteries contain valuable metals like cobalt, nickel, and lithium, which are costly to mine anew.
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Current recycling methods include pyrometallurgy (high-heat smelting) and hydrometallurgy (chemical leaching), each with different recovery rates.
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Only about 5% of EV batteries were recycled globally in 2022, though new laws now mandate higher collection targets.
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Battery design varies widely between manufacturers, making standardized disassembly and sorting difficult for recyclers.
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Startups are developing robotic systems that safely dismantle packs and extract modules using AI-guided vision.
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Some automakers now lease batteries instead of selling them, enabling direct return and refurbishment cycles.
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Second-life applications—like using retired EV batteries for home energy storage—extend usefulness before final recycling.
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Regulations in the EU and California now require producers to fund and manage end-of-life battery collection networks.
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Scaling up efficient, low-emission recycling is vital to avoid future mining pressure and support sustainable EV growth.