十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（4）

23 / 30

为什么深海鱼捞上岸会变形

Deep-sea fish live under crushing pressures hundreds of times greater than surface air pressure.
Their bodies contain soft tissues, gelatinous fluids, and reduced skeletons adapted to that high-pressure world.
When pulled up quickly, external pressure drops while internal gas-filled spaces expand rapidly.
Swim bladders burst, eyes bulge, and organs may rupture due to unbalanced forces inside the body.
Many deep-sea species lack swim bladders entirely but still suffer tissue damage from decompression.
Scientists use pressurized chambers to bring specimens up slowly and study them alive.
The protein structures in their muscles and membranes function only within narrow pressure ranges.
Even preserved specimens often look distorted if not handled in controlled-pressure environments.
This phenomenon helps explain why some deep-ocean creatures remain poorly understood by science.
New submersibles now collect samples with real-time pressure maintenance for accurate biological analysis.