十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（4）
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Why Deep-Sea Fish Collapse When Brought to the Surface
为什么深海鱼捞上岸会变形
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Deep-sea fish live under crushing pressures hundreds of times greater than surface air pressure.
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Their bodies contain soft tissues, gelatinous fluids, and reduced skeletons adapted to that high-pressure world.
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When pulled up quickly, external pressure drops while internal gas-filled spaces expand rapidly.
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Swim bladders burst, eyes bulge, and organs may rupture due to unbalanced forces inside the body.
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Many deep-sea species lack swim bladders entirely but still suffer tissue damage from decompression.
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Scientists use pressurized chambers to bring specimens up slowly and study them alive.
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The protein structures in their muscles and membranes function only within narrow pressure ranges.
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Even preserved specimens often look distorted if not handled in controlled-pressure environments.
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This phenomenon helps explain why some deep-ocean creatures remain poorly understood by science.
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New submersibles now collect samples with real-time pressure maintenance for accurate biological analysis.