十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（4）
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How Forests Influence Local Rainfall
为什么森林能影响局地降水
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Trees release huge amounts of water vapor daily through transpiration—up to 1000 liters per large tree.树木通过蒸腾作用每天释放大量水蒸气，一棵大树最多可达1000升。
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This moisture rises, cools, and condenses into clouds, especially over dense tropical forests like the Amazon.这些水汽上升、冷却并凝结成云，尤其在亚马逊等茂密热带雨林上空。
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Forest canopies also create rough surfaces that slow winds and encourage air to rise, enhancing cloud formation.森林冠层还形成粗糙表面，减缓风速，促使空气抬升，从而促进云的形成。
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Biogenic volatile organic compounds—released by leaves—form tiny particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei.叶片释放的生物源挥发性有机化合物可形成微小颗粒，作为云凝结核。
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Deforestation reduces evapotranspiration and disrupts local circulation, sometimes cutting rainfall by 20–30% within decades.毁林会减少蒸散发，扰乱局地环流，有时数十年内使降雨量减少20%–30%。
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Satellite data shows ‘flying rivers’—atmospheric moisture streams—that originate in forests and supply rain far inland.卫星数据显示，源自森林的‘空中河流’——大气水汽输送带——可为内陆遥远地区带来降雨。
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Mountain forests are especially effective because terrain lifts moist air, triggering orographic precipitation.山地森林尤为有效，因地形抬升湿润空气，触发地形雨。
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Urban planners now protect watersheds with native trees not just for soil, but to sustain reliable rainfall patterns.城市规划者如今保护流域内的原生林，不仅为固土，更为了维持稳定的降雨模式。