历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）
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Cuban Missile Crisis: Brinkmanship and the Birth of Nuclear Deterrence
古巴导弹危机：边缘政策与核威慑的诞生
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In October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet nuclear missiles being installed in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida.
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President Kennedy demanded their removal and imposed a naval quarantine around the island to prevent further shipments.
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For thirteen tense days, the world watched as Soviet ships approached the blockade line without turning back.
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Behind closed doors, both superpowers negotiated secretly while publicly refusing to yield first.
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Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles if the U.S. pledged never to invade Cuba and secretly removed Jupiter missiles from Turkey.
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This near-catastrophe convinced leaders that direct nuclear war must be avoided at all costs.
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Hotlines were installed between Washington and Moscow to prevent future miscommunication during crises.
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Arms control treaties like the Limited Test Ban Treaty followed soon afterward as trust slowly rebuilt.
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Deterrence theory now held that mutual vulnerability could paradoxically preserve peace.
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The crisis remains history’s clearest example of how diplomacy under extreme pressure can avert disaster.