身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（2）
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Just-in-Time Production: Efficient but Fragile
准时制生产：高效却脆弱
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Many factories now build cars or phones only when orders arrive, not before.
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This method cuts storage costs and avoids leftover stock piling up in warehouses.
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But if a key part fails to ship on time—say, a chip from overseas—the whole line stops.
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The 2021 global chip shortage showed how one small delay can freeze production worldwide.
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Firms using this system often keep no backup suppliers, trusting perfect timing instead.
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When storms hit ports or borders close suddenly, deliveries stall within days.
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Consumers notice empty shelves long before managers realize the chain has broken.
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Still, companies love it because it boosts short-term profits and reduces waste.
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Yet resilience now means holding *some* extra parts—not just chasing speed and savings.
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Thinking about supply chains helps us understand why small disruptions ripple so far.