STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（3）

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勒索软件攻击与备份的关键作用

Ransomware encrypts files on devices and demands payment for the decryption key.
Attackers often target hospitals, schools, and city governments because they urgently need data access.
Backups stored offline or in immutable cloud storage cannot be encrypted by ransomware.
The 3-2-1 backup rule recommends three copies, on two media types, with one offsite.
Without recent backups, victims face data loss or costly, unreliable decryption attempts.
Some ransomware now scans for backup files first and deletes them before encryption.
Automated, versioned backups let users restore clean files from before infection occurred.
IT teams test restores regularly to ensure backups actually work when needed most.
Personal users should enable automatic cloud sync with version history for photos and documents.
Backups don’t stop attacks — but they remove the attacker’s main leverage: fear of permanent loss.