STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（3）
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Ransomware Attacks and the Critical Role of Backups
勒索软件攻击与备份的关键作用
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Ransomware encrypts files on devices and demands payment for the decryption key.
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Attackers often target hospitals, schools, and city governments because they urgently need data access.
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Backups stored offline or in immutable cloud storage cannot be encrypted by ransomware.
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The 3-2-1 backup rule recommends three copies, on two media types, with one offsite.
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Without recent backups, victims face data loss or costly, unreliable decryption attempts.
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Some ransomware now scans for backup files first and deletes them before encryption.
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Automated, versioned backups let users restore clean files from before infection occurred.
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IT teams test restores regularly to ensure backups actually work when needed most.
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Personal users should enable automatic cloud sync with version history for photos and documents.
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Backups don’t stop attacks — but they remove the attacker’s main leverage: fear of permanent loss.