历史小径·世界史英语精读30篇（4）
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China’s WTO Accession and Integration into Global Supply Chains
中国加入世贸组织与全球供应链整合
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After fifteen years of negotiations, China joined the WTO in 2001, committing to tariff reductions, intellectual property enforcement, and market-opening reforms.
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Manufacturers rapidly scaled export-oriented production, leveraging low labor costs and state-supported infrastructure to become the ‘world’s factory’.
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Multinational corporations relocated assembly lines to Guangdong and Jiangsu, relying on flexible subcontracting networks that absorbed demand fluctuations efficiently.
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Domestic firms climbed supply chains gradually—first as component suppliers, then as OEM partners, and eventually as branded exporters with R&D investment.
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WTO rules constrained local protectionism, forcing provincial governments to compete on logistics efficiency and regulatory transparency rather than subsidies alone.
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Labor mobility increased significantly, as rural migrants filled factory jobs—yet wage growth lagged behind productivity gains for over a decade.
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Intellectual property disputes persisted despite legal reforms, reflecting tensions between enforcement capacity and developmental priorities in emerging sectors.
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Environmental regulations tightened slowly, prompting offshore relocation of polluting industries to ASEAN nations still building regulatory capacity.
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The accession catalyzed domestic legal modernization, with over 2,000 laws revised or repealed to align with WTO obligations by 2006.
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Today’s ‘dual circulation’ strategy signals a recalibration—not retreat—emphasizing domestic demand while retaining strategic roles in high-value global production nodes.