十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（2）
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Why Do Some Lakes Change Color From Blue to Pink During Dry Seasons?
为什么一些湖泊在干旱季节会从蓝色变成粉红色？
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Certain shallow lakes turn pink when evaporation concentrates salts and triggers microbial blooms.某些浅湖在蒸发使盐分浓缩并引发微生物大量繁殖时会变成粉红色。
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Specialized archaea and algae, like Dunaliella salina, produce red carotenoid pigments under high-salt stress.特定的古菌和藻类（如杜氏盐藻）在高盐胁迫下会产生红色类胡萝卜素色素。
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These microbes thrive where salt levels exceed 15%, far above normal seawater concentration.这些微生物在盐度超过15%的环境中繁盛，远高于正常海水浓度。
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Sunlight exposure and warm temperatures further boost pigment production during dry months.阳光照射和温暖气温在干旱月份进一步促进色素生成。
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The color intensifies as water volume shrinks and light reflects off dense microbial layers near the surface.随着水量减少，密集的表层微生物群反射光线，颜色随之加深。
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Lake Hillier in Australia and Lake Retba in Senegal show this phenomenon seasonally.澳大利亚的希利尔湖和塞内加尔的雷特巴湖季节性呈现这一现象。
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No toxic chemicals cause the shift — it is entirely natural and reversible with rainfall.颜色变化并非由有毒化学物质引起，而是完全自然、且降雨后可逆的过程。
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Scientists study these lakes to understand life limits in extreme environments on Earth and Mars.科学家研究这类湖泊，以理解地球乃至火星极端环境中生命的极限。
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The pink hue does not indicate pollution but rather a delicate ecological balance of salinity and biology.粉红色并非污染标志，而是盐度与生物因素达成的精微生态平衡。
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When rain refills the lake, dilution returns it to pale blue or green within weeks.降雨补满湖水后，数周内湖色便会稀释恢复为淡蓝或绿色。