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Why Do Lightning Bolts Branch Upward From the Ground During Some Storms?
为什么某些雷暴中闪电会从地面向上分叉？
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Most lightning appears to strike downward, but it actually begins with invisible upward 'leaders' from tall objects.多数闪电看似自上而下击中地面，实则始于高大物体发出的不可见向上‘先导’。
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When storm clouds build negative charge, the ground below becomes positively charged by induction.当雷暴云积聚负电荷时，下方地面会因感应而带正电。
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Sharp structures like towers or trees launch positive streamers that reach up to meet descending negative leaders.塔楼、树木等尖锐结构会向上释放正流光，与下行的负先导相接。
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The first connection point determines the main lightning path, which then carries massive current downward.首次连接点决定主闪电路径，随后巨大电流沿此路径向下传输。
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High-speed cameras show upward branching occurs when multiple streamers rise simultaneously from different points.高速摄像显示，当多个流光从不同位置同时上升时，会出现向上分叉现象。
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Tall buildings and wind turbines frequently initiate upward lightning, especially in winter storms.高楼和风力发电机常引发向上闪电，尤以冬季风暴为甚。
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This type is more common in mountainous regions where terrain enhances electric field concentration.此类闪电在山区更常见，因地势增强了电场集中效应。
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Scientists install triggered lightning towers to study upward discharges safely and repeatedly.科学家建造人工引雷塔，以安全、重复地研究向上放电过程。
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Upward flashes last longer and transfer more charge than typical cloud-to-ground strikes.向上闪击持续时间更长，转移电荷量也大于典型云地闪电。
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Recognizing this behavior improves lightning protection design for critical infrastructure worldwide.认识这一特性有助于全球关键基础设施的防雷设计优化。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Recognizing this behavior improves lightning protection design for critical infrastructure worldwide. 认识这一特性有助于全球关键基础设施的防雷设计优化。
- Scientists install triggered lightning towers to study upward discharges safely and repeatedly. 科学家建造人工引雷塔，以安全、重复地研究向上放电过程。
- Upward flashes last longer and transfer more charge than typical cloud-to-ground strikes. 向上闪击持续时间更长，转移电荷量也大于典型云地闪电。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Recognizing this behavior improves lightning protection design for critical infrastructure worldwide.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Recognizing this behavior improves lightning protection design for critical infrastructure worldwide.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Recognizing this behavior improves lightning protection design for critical infrastructure worldwide.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
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