十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（2）
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Why Do Some Animals Hibernate While Others Migrate?
为什么有些动物冬眠，而另一些却迁徙？
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Animals choose hibernation or migration based on energy needs, habitat stability, and evolutionary history.动物选择冬眠或迁徙，取决于能量需求、栖息地稳定性及演化历史。
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Hibernators like bears lower body temperature, heart rate, and metabolism to survive cold months without food.熊等冬眠动物会降低体温、心率和新陈代谢，以在无食的寒冬中存活。
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Migration suits birds and whales that can travel long distances to find warmer climates and reliable food.迁徙适合鸟类和鲸类等能长距离移动、寻找温暖气候与稳定食物的动物。
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Fat storage matters: hibernators build reserves before winter, while migrants fuel journeys with stopover feeding.脂肪储备至关重要：冬眠者在入冬前囤积能量，迁徙者则靠中途停歇觅食补充体力。
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Brain chemistry changes trigger hibernation, whereas daylight length and magnetic fields guide migration paths.脑内化学变化触发冬眠，而日照长度与地磁场则引导迁徙路径。
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Some species, like certain bats, use both strategies depending on local conditions and age.某些物种（如部分蝙蝠）会依当地条件和年龄，在两种策略间灵活切换。
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Hibernation reduces predation risk but limits responsiveness; migration avoids harsh weather but demands huge energy.冬眠可降低被捕食风险，但削弱应变能力；迁徙可避开恶劣天气，却需消耗巨大能量。
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Climate change now disrupts both patterns, causing mismatches between arrival times and food availability.气候变化正扰乱这两类行为，导致抵达时间与食物供应出现错配。
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Scientists study these behaviors to understand animal resilience and ecosystem health.科学家研究这些行为，以理解动物适应力与生态系统健康状况。
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Neither strategy is ‘better’ — each solves survival challenges in a specific ecological niche.两种策略并无优劣之分——各自在其特定生态位中解决生存挑战。