十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（2）
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Why Do Some Animals Hibernate While Others Migrate?
为什么有些动物冬眠，而另一些却迁徙？
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Animals choose hibernation or migration based on energy needs, habitat stability, and evolutionary history.
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Hibernators like bears lower body temperature, heart rate, and metabolism to survive cold months without food.
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Migration suits birds and whales that can travel long distances to find warmer climates and reliable food.
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Fat storage matters: hibernators build reserves before winter, while migrants fuel journeys with stopover feeding.
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Brain chemistry changes trigger hibernation, whereas daylight length and magnetic fields guide migration paths.
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Some species, like certain bats, use both strategies depending on local conditions and age.
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Hibernation reduces predation risk but limits responsiveness; migration avoids harsh weather but demands huge energy.
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Climate change now disrupts both patterns, causing mismatches between arrival times and food availability.
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Scientists study these behaviors to understand animal resilience and ecosystem health.
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Neither strategy is ‘better’ — each solves survival challenges in a specific ecological niche.