十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（3）
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Why Do Some Minerals Shine Under Ultraviolet Light?
为什么有些矿物在紫外线下会发光？
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Some minerals glow when hit by invisible ultraviolet light.某些矿物在受到不可见的紫外线照射时会发光。
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This glow is called fluorescence and happens due to special atoms inside the mineral.这种发光现象称为荧光，源于矿物内部的特殊原子。
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Different minerals glow in different colors like blue, green, or red.不同矿物发出不同颜色的光，如蓝色、绿色或红色。
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The light energy makes electrons jump and then release color as they fall back.光能促使电子跃迁，回落时释放出可见色光。
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Fluorescence helps scientists identify unknown rocks in the field.荧光帮助科学家在野外识别未知岩石。
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Not all minerals do this — only those with certain chemical impurities.并非所有矿物都具有此特性——仅含特定化学杂质者才会荧光。
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Sunlight has a little UV, but black lights work better for seeing the glow.阳光中含少量紫外线，但黑光灯更利于观察荧光。
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Geologists use UV lamps to find rare fluorescent minerals safely.地质学家使用紫外灯安全地寻找稀有荧光矿物。