十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（3）
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What Makes Lava Flow Like a River?
岩浆为什么能像河流一样流动？
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Lava is melted rock deep inside Earth, heated by pressure and radioactivity.岩浆是地球深处受压力和放射性加热而熔化的岩石。
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When a volcano opens, pressure drops and gases push lava upward.火山喷发时，压力下降，气体将岩浆向上推。
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Its flow speed depends on heat, gas content, and how runny the rock is.其流动速度取决于温度、含气量以及岩浆的黏稠度。
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Hot, thin lava moves fast like water; cool, thick lava creeps slowly.炽热稀薄的岩浆像水一样快速流动；冷却黏稠的岩浆则缓慢爬行。
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Rivers of lava can burn forests but also create new land over time.岩浆流能焚毁森林，但随时间推移也能形成新陆地。
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Scientists measure lava temperature and slope to predict its path.科学家通过测量岩浆温度和地形坡度来预测其流向。
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Sometimes lava cools and hardens into smooth ropy shapes called pāhoehoe.有时岩浆冷却凝固成光滑绳状结构，称为‘帕霍伊霍伊’（pāhoehoe）。
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Other times it forms rough, jagged blocks called ‘a‘ā — both from the same volcano.有时则形成粗糙尖锐的碎块状，称为‘阿阿’（‘a‘ā）——二者源自同一座火山。