STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（7）

8 / 30

净水器如何去除微塑料

Microplastics—tiny plastic fragments under 5 mm—are increasingly found in tap and bottled water worldwide.
Activated carbon filters trap some particles through adsorption, but their effectiveness depends on pore size and contact time.
Ceramic filters with sub-micron pores physically block particles larger than 0.2–0.5 micrometers reliably.
Reverse osmosis systems force water through semi-permeable membranes that reject over 99% of microplastics and dissolved salts.
Newer nanofiber membranes offer higher flow rates while maintaining filtration down to 0.1 micrometers.
Testing confirms RO units remove nearly all microplastics, whereas pitcher filters vary widely by brand and age.
Filters must be replaced regularly; clogged or worn media lose efficiency and may even release trapped particles.
Independent labs now test consumer filters for microplastic removal, helping buyers compare real-world performance.
Combining multiple stages—sediment + carbon + membrane—provides layered defense against diverse contaminants.
This convergence of materials science, fluid dynamics, and environmental health makes modern filtration essential.