十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（4）
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How Do Fireflies Produce Cold Light Without Burning?
萤火虫如何发出不发热的冷光？
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Fireflies glow through a chemical reaction called bioluminescence, not combustion.萤火虫发光依靠的是生物发光，而非燃烧。
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Their light comes from luciferin, a molecule that reacts with oxygen inside living cells.它们的光来自荧光素——一种在活细胞内与氧气发生反应的分子。
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This reaction is powered by ATP—the energy currency found in all living organisms.该反应由ATP驱动，ATP是所有生物体内的能量载体。
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An enzyme named luciferase speeds up the process so light emits almost instantly.一种名为荧光素酶的酶加速该反应，使光几乎瞬间发出。
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Over 90% of the energy becomes visible light, while less than 10% turns into heat.超过90%的能量转化为可见光，不足10%转化为热量。
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That makes firefly light extremely efficient compared to incandescent bulbs, which waste most energy as heat.因此萤火虫发光效率极高，而白炽灯则将大部分能量浪费为热量。
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The color of their glow depends on slight changes in luciferase structure and pH levels.其发光颜色取决于荧光素酶结构的细微变化及pH值。
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Some species even adjust flash patterns to attract mates or warn predators.某些种类甚至通过调整闪光模式来求偶或警示天敌。
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Unlike electric lights, bioluminescence requires no external power source or wiring.与电灯不同，生物发光无需外部电源或线路。
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Scientists study these systems to design safer medical imaging tools and eco-friendly lighting.科学家研究这些系统，以开发更安全的医学成像工具和环保照明。