地理漫步·世界地理英语30篇（4）
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The Carpathians: A Curving Mountain Arc Defining Central Europe’s Watersheds
喀尔巴阡山脉：勾勒中欧分水岭的弧形山系
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The Carpathians form an arc-shaped range stretching across seven countries from Czechia to Romania.
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They separate the North European Plain from the Pannonian Basin, directing river flow into the Danube and Vistula systems.
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Older than the Alps, these mountains consist mainly of folded sedimentary rocks uplifted by continental collision.
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Forests cover over 50% of the range, with beech and fir dominating altitudinal zones shaped by precipitation gradients.
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Glaciers disappeared here thousands of years ago, but cirques and U-shaped valleys still record their former presence.
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Carpathian brown bears roam across transboundary habitats, requiring coordinated conservation policies among nations.
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Coal and metal deposits fueled industrial development in Silesia and Transylvania, leaving legacy pollution in headwater streams.
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Seasonal snowmelt feeds springs that sustain lowland agriculture far beyond the mountain front.
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Landslides increase where deforestation and road construction destabilize steep forested slopes.
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Protected areas like the Tatra National Park balance tourism access with ecosystem integrity across elevation bands.