地理漫步·世界地理英语30篇（4）

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喀尔巴阡山脉：勾勒中欧分水岭的弧形山系

The Carpathians form an arc-shaped range stretching across seven countries from Czechia to Romania.
They separate the North European Plain from the Pannonian Basin, directing river flow into the Danube and Vistula systems.
Older than the Alps, these mountains consist mainly of folded sedimentary rocks uplifted by continental collision.
Forests cover over 50% of the range, with beech and fir dominating altitudinal zones shaped by precipitation gradients.
Glaciers disappeared here thousands of years ago, but cirques and U-shaped valleys still record their former presence.
Carpathian brown bears roam across transboundary habitats, requiring coordinated conservation policies among nations.
Coal and metal deposits fueled industrial development in Silesia and Transylvania, leaving legacy pollution in headwater streams.
Seasonal snowmelt feeds springs that sustain lowland agriculture far beyond the mountain front.
Landslides increase where deforestation and road construction destabilize steep forested slopes.
Protected areas like the Tatra National Park balance tourism access with ecosystem integrity across elevation bands.