地理漫步·世界地理英语30篇（4）

2 / 30

地中海气候：夏季干燥、冬季温和

Mediterranean climates occur on west coasts between 30° and 45° latitude.
They feature hot, dry summers due to subtropical high-pressure systems shifting poleward.
Winter rains arrive when storm tracks move south, bringing moist Atlantic air.
Olive groves, vineyards, and cork oak forests evolved under this seasonal rhythm.
Wildfires have increased in frequency and intensity as summer droughts lengthen.
Urban expansion into wildland-urban interfaces raises risks for residents and ecosystems.
Local winds like the Mistral and Sirocco influence temperature and fire behavior.
Soil erosion accelerates where native shrublands are replaced by low-biodiversity agriculture.
Climate models project up to 30% less winter precipitation in southern Europe by 2050.
Adaptation includes rainwater harvesting, drought-tolerant crops, and fire-resilient building codes.