历史小径·世界史英语30篇（7）

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黑死病：一场重塑中世纪欧洲的瘟疫

Between 1347 and 1351, bubonic plague killed roughly one-third of Europe’s population.
Carried by fleas on rats aboard merchant ships, it spread rapidly through crowded towns and ports.
People had no germ theory, so they blamed sin, bad air, or minority groups—often with deadly results.
Labor shortages after the plague gave surviving peasants more bargaining power for wages and land.
Manorial systems weakened as serfs left estates to seek better conditions in cities.
Art and religion changed too—more focus on death, personal faith, and earthly life appeared.
Medical schools began studying anatomy more closely, though cures remained ineffective for centuries.
The Black Death reminded societies that health, economy, and belief systems are deeply connected.