世界史关键时刻·英语30篇（1）
8 / 30
正在确认阅读权限…
The Black Death and Its Social Impact
黑死病及其社会影响
-
Between 1347 and 1351, plague bacteria carried by fleas killed one-third of Europe’s population.1347至1351年间，跳蚤携带的瘟疫细菌夺去了欧洲三分之一人口的生命。
-
Cities suffered worst, where crowded housing and poor sanitation accelerated transmission.城市受灾最重，拥挤的住所和恶劣的卫生条件加速了疫情传播。
-
Doctors wore beaked masks filled with herbs, though germ theory was still unknown.医生佩戴填满草药的鸟喙状面具，但当时微生物理论尚未问世。
-
Labor shortages empowered peasants to demand wages, better conditions, or even freedom from serfdom.劳动力短缺使农民得以要求提高工资、改善待遇，甚至摆脱农奴身份。
-
Some villages disappeared entirely, while others saw land redistribution among survivors.一些村庄彻底消失，另一些则在幸存者间重新分配土地。
-
Church authority weakened as prayers failed to stop the deaths or explain divine will.因祈祷无法阻止死亡，也无法解释神意，教会权威日渐衰落。
-
Art and literature turned toward themes of mortality, judgment, and earthly impermanence.艺术与文学转向死亡、审判与尘世无常等主题。
-
Long-term, the crisis reshaped economies, labor laws, and ideas about human dignity and rights.从长远看，这场危机重塑了经济结构、劳工法律，以及关于人的尊严与权利的观念。