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Why Do Glaciers Move Even Though Ice Seems Solid and Still?
为什么冰川会移动，尽管冰看起来坚固静止？
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Glaciers flow slowly under their own immense weight, deforming ice crystals like soft plastic over decades and centuries.冰川在自身巨大重力作用下缓慢流动，数十年乃至数百年间使冰晶发生类似软塑料的塑性变形。
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This internal deformation happens most in the lower, warmer layers where pressure lowers ice’s melting point slightly.这种内部变形主要发生在温度较高、压力较大的下层冰中，压力会略微降低冰的熔点。
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Basal sliding also contributes when meltwater forms a lubricating film between ice and bedrock beneath the glacier.当冰川底部融水形成冰与基岩之间的润滑膜时，也会发生底滑运动。
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Seasonal temperature changes cause glaciers to speed up in summer and slow down in winter, measurable with GPS sensors.季节性气温变化导致冰川夏季加速、冬季减速，这一变化可通过GPS传感器精确测量。
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Crevasses form near the surface where brittle ice stretches over uneven terrain, revealing movement patterns clearly.在地表附近，脆性冰体跨越起伏地形被拉伸，从而形成冰裂缝，清晰揭示冰川运动模式。
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Glacier movement transports rocks and sediment, carving U-shaped valleys and leaving behind moraines as evidence.冰川运动搬运岩石与沉积物，塑造出U形谷，并留下终碛垄等地貌作为证据。
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Satellite radar shows some Antarctic glaciers now move twice as fast as they did forty years ago due to warming oceans.卫星雷达显示，受变暖海洋影响，部分南极冰川当前流速已是40年前的两倍。
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Unlike rivers, glaciers carry debris inside and on top, grinding bedrock into fine 'glacial flour' that colors meltwater milky.与河流不同，冰川将碎屑裹挟于内部及表面，将基岩研磨成细腻的‘冰川粉’，使融水呈乳白色。
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Scientists drill ice cores from moving glaciers to study ancient air bubbles trapped thousands of years ago.科学家从运动中的冰川钻取冰芯，研究其中封存数千年的古代气泡。
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Even small valley glaciers creep forward a few centimeters each day—enough to reshape landscapes over millennia.即便是小型山谷冰川，每天也能向前蠕动数厘米——经数千年累积足以重塑地貌。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Glacier movement transports rocks and sediment, carving U-shaped valleys and leaving behind moraines as evidence. 冰川运动搬运岩石与沉积物，塑造出U形谷，并留下终碛垄等地貌作为证据。
- Crevasses form near the surface where brittle ice stretches over uneven terrain, revealing movement patterns clearly. 在地表附近，脆性冰体跨越起伏地形被拉伸，从而形成冰裂缝，清晰揭示冰川运动模式。
- Even small valley glaciers creep forward a few centimeters each day—enough to reshape landscapes over millennia. 即便是小型山谷冰川，每天也能向前蠕动数厘米——经数千年累积足以重塑地貌。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Glacier movement transports rocks and sediment, carving U-shaped valleys and leaving behind moraines as evidence.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Glacier movement transports rocks and sediment, carving U-shaped valleys and leaving behind moraines as evidence.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Glacier movement transports rocks and sediment, carving U-shaped valleys and leaving behind moraines as evidence.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
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